Determination of the percentage inhibition of diameter growth (PIDG) of Piper betle crude aqueous extract against oral Candida species

Himratul-Aznita W.H.*, Mohd-Al-Faisal N. and Fathilah A.R.
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Accepted 12 January, 2011

Species within the genus Candida have been implicated in many fungal diseases such as candidiasis or thrush. The increasing clinical and microbiological resistance of Candida species towards several commonly prescribed antifungal agents however, has lead to the search for new active antifungal compounds from natural resources. This study was carried out to screen the susceptibility of the aqueous extract of Piper betle towards seven species of oral Candida. It was found that P. betle extract exhibited high antifungal activities towards Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida dubliniensis, Candida lusitaniae, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of P. betle extract towards all Candida species was found to be similar (12 mg/ml) except towards C. albicans which has been shown to have MIC value of 12 mg/ml and slightly higher MFC value of 25 mg/ml. The recorded data on the growth responses of the species to various concentrations of the extract following a 24 h incubation period were analysed, using the percentage inhibition of diameter growth (PIDG) against chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX). The determination of PIDG values for C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. lusitaniae, C. dubliniensis and C. glabrata has shown that the aqueous extract of P. betle outstrips the positive control used, that was 0.12% w/v chlorhexidine with PIDG values of more than 50% at P. betle concentration of 25 mg/ml. In contrast, PIDG for C. krusei and C. parapsilosis shows that at 25 mg/ml concentration of P. betle extract has little influence on growth inhibition compared to CHX. Thus, the results obtained have shown the potential use of P. betle extract as antifungal agent and thus significantly contribute to its antifungal development.

Key words: Candida sp., oral Candida, Piper betle, antifungal activity, percentage inhibition of diameter growth(PIDG).

Absorb Ability Tree Identification in Gas SOx

(Contract Document No. 00002735)
Kerjasama antara PT International Nickel Indonesia Tbk
(Contact person Andi Nur Taslim) dengan
Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor
(Contact Person Endes N Dahlan)
Abstract One of the activities in PT International Nickel Indonesia Tbk release SOx. The gas is very harmful to human as well as natural ecosystem. It is recommended that the gas should be reduced. One of the efforts is planting trees which have very high absorption ability. The objective of the research is to identify absorption ability of several trees found in the mining area. All leaves of 3 branches of certain species were collected, put in plastic bags and soaked in alcohol for about 1 hour. The leaves of all species then put in paper bags and put in oven of 60oC for 1 night. The dried leaves then grind to get material powder and then sent to laboratory to analyze the sulfur content. The research revealed that sulfur content of leaves were varied depend on species and locations. It is assumed that the variation caused by absorption ability of plants species. It was noticed that there are 19 sample species which have high sulfur content, more than average (0,2167%). The study should be followed with other studies to prove that the cause is only by air SOx and to calculate number of trees required for absorbing SOx produced by PT Inco.

Phytopharmaceuticals and phytochemicals evaluation on leaves and bark of Calophyllum inophyllum and Calophyllum soulatri

SRI BUDI SULIANTI1, EMMA SRI KUNCARI1, SOFNIE M. CHAIRUL2
1 Bidang Botani, Pusat Penelitian Biologi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), Bogor 16002.
2 Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Isotop dan Radiasi, Badan Tenaga Atom Nasional (BATAN), Jakarta Selatan 12070.
Diterima: 30 Juni 2005. Disetujui: 5 September 2005.

ABSTRACT
Phytopharmaceuticals and phytochemicals evaluation on two species of Calophyllum (C. inophyllum and C. soulatri) had been done. Phytopharmaceuticals had been carried out by macro- and microscopic observation and also phytochemical screening by Ciuley Method (1984). Macromorphology of two species of Calophyllum was quite different. Leaf surface of C. inophyllum were obovate lamina, entire margin, obtuse apex, symmetrically base, petiole 1.5-2.0 cm, upper surface were green, shine, glabrous, occurrence of oil gland, and lower surface were long (hirsute), midrib, pinnate venation. C. soulatri were ovate lamina, entire margin, acute apex, symmetrically base, petiole
1.5-2.0 cm, upper surface were green but not shine, glabrous, no occurrence of oil glands and lower surface were long (hirsute), midrib, pinnate venation, green, and glabrous. Leaf dimension of C. inophyllum (± 20x10 cm2) was wider than C. soulatri (± 10x5 cm2). Leaf micromorphology of two species was also different in stomata type, C. inophyllum was paracytic type while C. soulatri was anisocytic type. Oil glands in C. inophyllum were higher than C. soulatri. There were no hair glands that found in these species. Micromorphology bark
identified of two species showed that the number of oil glands in C. inophyllum is more than C. Soulatri, Ca oxalate of C. inophyllum is in simple and twin forms which C. soulatri is loose aggregates of numerous prisms which have grown together to form a roughly spherical mass which has projecting points and angles all over surface. Phytochemical screening identified that these species contents are have similar chemical groups (volatile oil, fatty acids, steroids/ triterpenes, tannin, flavonoids and reducing sugar).

Key words: Calophyllum inophyllum, C. soulatri, Clusiaceae, phytopharmaceuticals and phytochemicals evaluation.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN SALEP ANTIKELOIDAL YANG MENGANDUNG EKSTRAK TERFASILITASI PANAS MICROWAVE DARI HERBAL PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban)

Yudi Padmadisastra*, Amin Syaugi**, Shinta Anggia*
* Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
**Pharmacore, Jakarta, Indonesia.

ABSTRACT
A study on formulation of antikeloidal ointments preparations within hydrocarbon ointment base and absorption ointment base contain of microwave-assisted extract from Pegagan herbs (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) in hidroglycolic (80% and 60 %) mixture has been conducted. The yield of phytochemical analysis determined by thin layer chromatography showed that this method of extraction successfully extracts the main constituent of pegagan herbs known as triterpenoid components especially asiaticoside, asiatic acid and madecasic acid. The yield of examination of ointments preparations that has been made showed that both of these ointments are not irritable to use, where as in eight weeks of storage time, hydrocarbon based ointment has a constant homogeneity, odour, colour, viscosity and showed the decreasing pH. Likewise, the absorption based ointment has a constant homogeneity, odour and colour also showed the decreasing in pH and viscosity value, and statistically performed preferable ointment base.
Key words: antikeloidal ointments, microwave-assisted extraction, TLC, stability of ointments.
B I O D I V E R S I T A S ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 7, Nomor 1 Januari 2006
Halaman: 25-29

USE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, WITH THE BENEFIT CONSIDERATIONS AND SAFETY

Lusia Oktora Ruma Kumala Sari
Staf Pengajar Program Studi Farmasi Universitas Jember

ABSTRACT

Herbal medicines in general are safer than modern drug. This matter is caused by the less side effect of herbal medicines than modern drug. Side effects of herbal medi- cines can be reduced with the used of right materials, accurat dose, accurat usage time, accurat way of usage, accurat analyze information, and without abusing of herbal medicines itself.
Accuracy of materials determine the effect of herbal medicines. Dose measur- ing in set of gram can lessen possibility the happening of effect which do not be expected. Information which is not supported by adequate basic knowledges and enough study can make traditional drug return to endangering.
Key words : herbal medicine, reduce side effect.

CONFIGURATION EFFECT OF LIQUID JET BUBBLE COLUMN FLOW ON GAS CO2 ABSORPTION CAPABILITY

Setiadi, Nur Istiqomah, Dijan Supramono, Sukirno
Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Indonesia Depok – 16434, Jawa Barat

Abstract
For optimizing an CO2 absorption operation using bubbling column, 82 types of liquid jet flow configurations have been developed. The advantages of these configurations are generated an gas entrainment by suction of nozzle and the gas dispersed throughout the bulk of liquid by the formation of bubble clouds. The configurations were designed based on point of the all nozzles by the position and the inclined liquid jets are ejected The performances of all configurations have been examined for selecting by hydrodynamic tested with holdup gas and gas entrainment rate. The results showed that the configurations of liquid jet flow gived an significant effects on hydrodynamics and absorption aspecs, generally the good configurations selectd had hold-up gas in the range of 0.55-0.6 and the ratio of gas entrainment rate to the liquid rate on the range of 1.3-1.8. The result of absorption tests showed that CO2 concentration can be reduced into 0.01%-0.07% less than five minutes and the absorption should be proceeded with the chemical reaction due to the operations prolonged up to 10 menit, no indication of CO2 desorption process. The bubbles generated in the column showed that the range of bubble diameter (0.00097-0.00184) mm was more dominant.
Keyword : configurations of liquid jet, bubble column, gas entrainment rate, absorpsi gas CO2

HYBRID PROCESS STUDY: ADSORPTION ON ACTIVATED CARBON / MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Tri Widjaja, Ali Altway, Soeprijanto Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, ITS
Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111
Voni Yuanita, Yulia Rahmawati, Hasasty Pratiwi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, ITS
Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111

Abstract
Phenol compound was very dangerous pollutant. In conventional activated sludge, microorganism cannot degrade organic compound of phenol. For that, with combining PAC injection in activated sludge system and membrane technology, was expected can increase degradation capability of toxic organic compound. The aim ofthis research to evaluate performance of hybrid membrane bioreactor process with investigated combination of adsorption, biodegradation, and filtration. This research was conducted with synthetic wastewater and was combined with phenol, that contain toxic compound which representative wastewater oil industry. Bioreactor was operated in 50L of volume, MLSS8000 and 15000mg/l,COD 1500 and 2500mg/l, SRT 20, 30days. In membrane bioreactor was injected phenol of 50 mg/l and PAC (10% of MLSS). The result show that biological process was influence filtration which biological process close to F/M ratio. Fouling potential happened at high MLSS which was showed with decreasing of permeate flux 16,0% but after addition of 10%PAC, decreasing of flux to 11,6%. But fouling was not influenced COD variable. Wastewater treatment system cannot degraded organic compound well, it was showed from low of COD removal after added phenol. But, with PAC addition, toxic compound can be adsorbed then bioreactor performance get better, which caused increasing of biodegradation process by microorganism.
Keyword : phenol, Powdered Activated Carbon, Membrane Bioreactor

BACTERIAL WILT DISEASE CONTROL ON PATCHOULI AND STRATEGY

Nasrun dan Yang Nuryani
Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik Laing, Kotak Pos 1, Solok, Sumatera Barat
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik, Jalan Tentara Pelajar No. 3, Bogor

ABSTRACT
Bacterial wilt disease on patchouli and its control strategy
Bacterial wilt disease is one of the most serious diseases on patchouli plant in West Sumatra, North Sumatra, and Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD). The disease is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and reduces patchouli production as high as 6080%, so that it is a constraint in increasing patchouli productivity. The pathogen can be controlled by using tolerant varieties such as Sidikalang, cultural method (fertilizer application, organic matter, and mulch), biological control (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus spp.), botanical pesticide (lemon grass), chemical control (bactericide), and preventing pathogen spreading from infected area to non-infected area. Bacterial wilt disease should be controlled integratedly by combining various control techniques.
Keywords: Pogostemon cablin, Ralstonia solanacearum, biological control, integrated control

ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SIMPLE CHLORINATION METHOD ON BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY IN PAM (water companies) WATER

Miftahur Rohim, ST, M.Kes. DINKES Kabupaten Ngada NTT Nurjazuli, SKM, M.Kes. Program Magister Kesehatan Lingkungan UNDIP Ir. Tri Joko, M.Si. Program Magister Kesehatan Lingkungan UNDIP

ABSTRACT
Background: Water bacteriological quality is a parameter required for fresh water. The bacteriological content is high because of the contamination from surrounding or activity of people near the area. From fact in the field, most of water bacteriological quality in Indonesia is still worse. In Flores land area, especially in Boawae the water from PMA are not treated by a good tretment water. Result of water quality monitoring program in Boawae, indicating that the MPN Coli Content is 210 Col/100 ml sample. One of the alternatives is to improve bacteriological quality is by using chlorination process of the PMA water. The aim of the study was to analyze the difference between physicchemist parameter and bacteriological parameter in PMA water after chlorinated by using three methods (Single Tube an Layered Tube and Molasses Tube). Methods: The research was experimental research with one group and after intervention design. Number of sample is 270: 30 samples of PMA water control, 120 samples before treatment and 120 samples after the treatment. The physicochemist sample and bacteriological sample has examinate according to examination procedure in laboratory. Data was analyzed by using method of univariate, bivariate and multivariate as Kruskal Wallis test and Cochran test. Results: The result of the research showed that from the treatment of a single tube, layered tube and molasses tube was found that there were differences among parameters of pH, TDS, Chlor, Fe, Mn, NO, NO, Coliform total, E.Coli with 5% p=0,0001. Conclusion : It is concluded that based on parameter of Chlor, Coliform total and E.Coli, the better and suitable devices of water treatment is Layered Tube, CaCO3

Key Words : Clean Water, Chlorination and Bacteriological

CATALITIC CRACKING OF Jatropha OIL AND WATER INTO HYDROCARBON FRACTION GASOLINE EQUIVALENT USING CATALIYST B2O3/ZEOLIT

Setiadi
Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
Ahmad Adlan
Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok, Depok, 16424, Indonesia

Abstract
The Catalytic convertion of Jatropha oil to liquid fuel over various type has been studied. The active groups of Jatropha oil trigliseride giving occasion to polymerisation and polycondensation reaction. In this research, Jatropha oil was mixtured by water to neutralize or stabilize the active group of Jatropha oil by Hydrolysis Reaction to produce Fatty Acid and Glycerol . Feed ratio was variated to get optimum ratio. The reaction was conducted in a fixed bed reactor at atmosferic pressure and temperature 400-500oC over B2O3/Zeolite catalyst. The maximum gasoline fraction yield of 19% with gasoline selectivity of 40,6% was obtained with 20% B2O/Zeolite, at 500oC, and feed ratio 1:1 (weight water/oil).

Keyword : Jatropha Oil, Catalytic Cracking, Hydrolysis, B2O3/Zeolite

Study of extraction and determination of physical-chemical properties and fatty acid composition of seed oil triglycerides making up longan (Dimocarpus longana)

Siti Hamamah Gustiani
Deskripsi Dokumen: http://www.lontar.ui.ac.id//opac/themes/libri2detail.jsp?id=123290&lokasi=lokal
Longan (Dimocarpus longana) is a plant that is grown in Indonesia. Litchi plant widely used as food, medicine and cosmetics, as well as other industries. Litchi seed is a source of vegetable oil of unknown physico-chemical properties, so that utilization is not maximized and litchi seed is the only agricultural waste. In this study, litchi seed oil obtained from extraction method sokhletasi with nonpolar solvent n-hexane. The extract in the form of brownish orange oil reprocessed to produce more oil by neutralization and Decolorize pure, so obtained a yellow oil longan. Extracted oil with and without purification were analyzed physico-chemical properties. Constituent fatty acid composition of triglycerides from longan seed oil refining results are known with gas chromatography equipment. Fatty acid composition of longan seed oil is linoleic acid 26.73%, 22.08% oleic acid, linolenic acid 8.59%, 19.78% palmitic acid, stearic acid 3.41%, 0.48% caprylic acid; 0.18% lauric acid, myristic acid 0.09%, and 0.06% capric acid. Keywords: Dimocarpus longana, lipids, Triglycerides, Fatty Acids.

POLIANTHES TUBEROSA FLOWER POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGY

Suyanti
Balai penelitian tanaman hias, jl Raya Pacet Ciherang, kotak pos 8 Sindanglaya Cianjur 43253

Determination of the percentage inhibition of diameter growth (PIDG) of Piper betle crude aqueous extract against oral Candida species

Himratul-Aznita W.H.*, Mohd-Al-Faisal N. and Fathilah A.R.
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Accepted 12 January, 2011
abstract
Species within the genus Candida have been implicated in many fungal diseases such as candidiasis or thrush. The increasing clinical and microbiological resistance of Candida species towards several commonly prescribed antifungal agents however, has lead to the search for new active antifungal compounds from natural resources. This study was carried out to screen the susceptibility of the aqueous extract of Piper betle towards seven species of oral Candida. It was found that P. betle extract exhibited high antifungal activities towards Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida dubliniensis, Candida lusitaniae, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of P. betle extract towards all Candida species was found to be similar (12 mg/ml) except towards C. albicans which has been shown to have MIC value of 12 mg/ml and slightly higher MFC value of 25 mg/ml. The recorded data on the growth responses of the species to various concentrations of the extract following a 24 h incubation period were analysed, using the percentage inhibition of diameter growth (PIDG) against chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX). The determination of PIDG values for C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. lusitaniae, C. dubliniensis and C. glabrata has shown that the aqueous extract of P. betle outstrips the positive control used, that was 0.12% w/v chlorhexidine with PIDG values of more than 50% at P. betle concentration of 25 mg/ml. In contrast, PIDG for C. krusei and C. parapsilosis shows that at 25 mg/ml concentration of P. betle extract has little influence on growth inhibition compared to CHX. Thus, the results obtained have shown the potential use of P. betle extract as antifungal agent and thus significantly contribute to its antifungal development.
Key words: Candida sp., oral Candida, Piper betle, antifungal activity, percentage inhibition of diameter growth (PIDG).

The Crude Aqueous Extract of Piper betle L. and its Antibacterial Effect Towards Streptococcus mutans

T. Nalina and Z.H.A. Rahim Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abstract:
In this study, the antimicrobial influence of crude aqueous extract of Piper betle L. on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) was investigated. The focus of the antimicrobial effects includes the ultrastructure and acid producing properties of S. mutans. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the effect of the extract on the ultrastructure of S. mutans. Analysis of the effect on the acid producing properties was analyzed by pH drop assay. The investigation was further carried out to determine the possible chemical components of the extract using thin layer chromatography (TLC), bioautography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). From the micrographs of the transmission electron, it was found that the crude extract of Piper betle L. leaves causes plasma cell membrane damage and coagulation of the nucleoid. The extract was found to significantly reduce acid producing properties of the bacteria. Chemical analysis of the extract showed that hydroxychavicol, fatty acids (stearic and palmitic) and hydroxy fatty acid esters (stearic, palmitic and myristic) as the main components. It was suggested from the results obtained that the crude extract of Piper betle L. leaves may exert anticariogenic activities that are related to decrease in acid production and changes to the ultrastructure of S. mutans. Further study will be carried out to determine if the effect observed is attributed to the presence of hydroxychavicol, fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acid esters in the extract.
Key words: S. mutans, Piper betle L., antimicrobial, bioautography, acid production

Optimization of Zeolite Catalyst Preparation from Tawas, NaOH and Water Glass By Response Surface Methodology

Eli Maria Ulfah, Fani Alifia Yasnur, dan Istadi
Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis (CREC), Jurusan Teknik Kimia,
Universitas Diponegoro, Jln. Prof. H. Sudharto, Tembalang, Semarang
Received 20 December 2006; Received in revised form 26 December 2006; Accepted 29 December 2006
Abstract
Zeolite is one of the most useful natural resources in Indonesian chemical industries. Natural zeolite has been explored greatly so that the quantity getting lesser and lesser. The synthetic one has been greatly used in industries but in Indonesia, it is rarely produced, generally it is imported. There are many advantages of zeolite X, i.e. as a catalyst, adsorbent, gas separation, ion exchanger, petrochemical, and detergent. Due to these advantages, it is necessary to run this experiment. The objectives of this experiments is determining optimal operating conditions of synthesizing zeolite X from alum and waterglass with two independents variables, they are operating temperature, and NaOH 50%/waterglass ratio. The method used in determining the optimal condition of each variables is Response Surface Methodology (RSM). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was employed in product characterization. Product is also tested as an Fe adsorbent. From this experiment obtained empirical model fitted to the experiment results, while the optimal conditions which deliver maximum Fe adsorption percentage is at operating temperature and NaOH 50%/waterglass ratio 92.3
C and 1.85, respectively. © 2006 CREG. All rights reserved. .
Keywords: Zeolit X, sintesis zeolit, Response Surface Methodology

THE EFFECT EXTRACTION METHODS ON PHYSICS AND CHEMICALS PROPERTIES OF SAGO

OIL ROSE PRODUCTION BY TECHNIQUE ENFLEURATIONON

Yulianingsih1), D. Amiarsi1), dan Sabari S.2) Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura
Yulianingsih, D. Amiarsi, and Sabari S. 2007.
ABSTRACT
The Enfleuration Tehnique for Producing Rose Oil. The research was conducted at Indonesian Ornamental Plant Research Institute Laboratory in Jakarta from June 1998 to May 1999. The aim of the experiment was to find out the appropriate composition and kinds of animal fat for enfleuration process for producing rose oil. The enfleuration technique was used to produce volatile oil from red rose flowers from Bandungan, Central Java. Experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. The treatments were (a) mixture of animal fat of cow + chicken with ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1), (b) mixture of animal fat of goat + chicken (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1), and (c) mixture of animal fat of cow + goat + chicken (2:1:0,5 and 2:1:1). The results of the experiment indicated that the best treatment was absorbent mixture of animal fat of cow, goat, and chicken with ratio of 2:1:1 with consistency of 13.2 mm/5 sec/50 g ballast, soft enough, and smooth texture. The rendement of absolute was about 0.076-0.174%, with refraction index 1.46-1.53, and the main components were phenyl ethyl alcohol (11.76-22.34%), citronellol (2.71-6.05%), and geraniol (3.37-4.99%). This enfleuration technique can be used to produce rose absolute with high quality.

GROWTH OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN INDONESIA

Bing Bedjo Tanudjaja
Jurusan Desain Komunikasi Visual, Fakultas Seni dan Desain Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya
E-mail: abimanyu@petra.ac.id

ABSTRACT
The awareness towards CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), that should be integrated into a company's hierarchy as management's strategy and policy, is needed to attain balance between the business industry and the surrounding community. The essence and significance of CSR has not been wholly understood by businessmen, thus CSR only becomes textual and often implemented due to community demand. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, businessman, community
Keywords: corporate social responsibility, businessman, community

STUDY ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION (ENFLEURATION) FROM JASMINE FLOWER

Oleh: MIRA FITRIANY
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Department of Agroindustry - student-research.umm.ac.id

Abstract
Salah satu faktor yang menentukan penerimaan konsumen terhadap suatu produk adalah flavor. Bahan alam yang mengandung flavor adalah bunga melati (Jasminum sambac L.). Pemanfaatan bunga melati masih terbatas sebagai
pewangi teh, bunga segar untuk hiasan sanggul, dekorasi dan bunga tabur. Sebagai bunga yang harum, melati sangat potensial untuk bahan baku minyak melati. Selain untuk parfum alami, minyak melati juga bermanfaat untuk
pengobatan sebagai aroma terapi. Hasil ekstraksi minyak atsiri juga dapat dijadikan bahan baku dari industri misalnya parfum, sabun, kosmetik, makanan dan farmasi.
 
Keyword : Metode Enfleurasi, Ekstrasi minyak atsiri

Chemical Components Jasmine Jasminum officinale

Suyanti, Sulusi Prabawati, dan Sjaifullah Balai Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian, Jakarta

ABSTRACT
Jasminum officinale from Purbalingga (Central Java) was harvested at three stages of maturity: M-1, M-2, and full bloming. Physical and chemical characteristics were determined by weight of flower, size of flower, aroma, and chemical content. Flowers harvested at stage maturity of M-2: colour of cepal was dark violet, there was no aroma, and flowers did not open. At maturity stage of M-1: optimal flower in size, colour of sepal was soft violet, flowers were fully opened, and had aromatic flavor. The maturity stage of M-1 is very useful in selecting flowers for tea industry or essential oil industry. The opened flowers was useful only for spread flower. Dominant component of aromatic flavors was benzil acetat (46.8%) and followed by methyl salisilat (24.4%), Z. jasmone (20.2%), lynalol (2.9%), neurol idol (2.7%), dan indole (1.7%).
Key words: Jasminum officinale, physical, chemical.